Infection control, nail structure and growth, nail diseases and disorders, manicuring, pedicuring, and nail enhancements for nail technician written exams.
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The fold of skin running along each side of the plate
The dead tissue that clings to the surface of the plate
The visible part of the matrix at the base of the plate
The living skin that seals the underside of the free edge
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C. The visible part of the matrix at the base of the plate
The lunula is the whitish half-moon where the front of the matrix shows through the nail plate. The seal under the free edge is the hyponychium, a different structure.
Reference: Nail technology theory: nail structure and growth
Which initiator is blended into polymer powder to start the reaction with monomer liquid?
Benzoyl peroxide
Nitrocellulose
Sodium hydroxide
Ethyl acetate
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A. Benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide in the powder breaks apart to supply the energy that starts the chain reaction. Nitrocellulose is the film former in nail polish and plays no part in this reaction.
Reference: Nail technology theory: monomer liquid and polymer powder chemistry
What are Beau's lines?
Dark bands running from the base to the free edge
Depressions running across the width of the plate
Ridges running the length of the nail plate
White spots scattered over the nail plate
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B. Depressions running across the width of the plate
Beau's lines are horizontal grooves that form when illness or injury briefly slows the matrix. Lengthwise ridges are a different and usually harmless finding.
Reference: Nail technology theory: nail disorders and diseases
How much of the natural nail plate should a nail tip cover at most?
One-half
Three-quarters
One-tenth
The whole plate
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A. One-half
The contact area should never cover more than half of the natural plate; covering more weakens the bond and puts more adhesive on the nail than needed. One-tenth would give too little surface to hold the tip.
Reference: Nail technology theory: nail tips and wraps
A metal nipper has just been used on a client. What must be done before it is immersed in disinfectant?
Wipe it with a dry towel to remove any loose filings
Place it under a UV light for ten minutes
Spray it with alcohol and let it air dry
Scrub it with soap and water, rinse and dry it
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D. Scrub it with soap and water, rinse and dry it
Disinfectants cannot work through debris, so the implement is first scrubbed with soap or detergent and a brush, rinsed and dried. A dry wipe leaves residue behind that shields microbes and can weaken the disinfectant solution.
Reference: Nail technology theory: infection control principles and practices