In which direction is deep transverse (cross-fiber) friction applied?
- In large circles around the area
- Parallel to the tissue fibers
- Perpendicular to the tissue fibers
- Along the path of venous return
Show the answer
C. Perpendicular to the tissue fibers
Cross-fiber friction moves across the fibers of the muscle, tendon or ligament to separate them. Working parallel to the fibers describes stripping or longitudinal friction.
Reference: MBLEx content outline: Benefits and Physiological Effects of Techniques; soft tissue techniques, friction
What is the main purpose of deep friction applied to healed scar tissue or adhesions?
- To break down adhesions and help fibers realign
- To cool the tissue and limit inflammation
- To calm the nervous system and reduce stress
- To move lymph along the limb toward the nearest lymph nodes
Show the answer
A. To break down adhesions and help fibers realign
Friction separates fibers that have stuck together and encourages collagen to line up with the direction of stress. It creates local heat and a mild inflammatory response, so it does not cool tissue or move lymph.
Reference: MBLEx content outline: Benefits and Physiological Effects of Techniques; physiological effects, friction
Which form of tapotement is done with the hands held in a hollow shape and is often used over the upper back and ribs?
- Hacking
- Pounding
- Cupping
- Tapping
Show the answer
C. Cupping
In cupping the hand forms a hollow so it traps air and makes a deep sound, and it is the percussion used over the rib cage to help loosen secretions. Hacking uses the ulnar edge of the hands.
Reference: MBLEx content outline: Benefits and Physiological Effects of Techniques; soft tissue techniques, percussion