In which plane do abduction and adduction of the shoulder take place?
- Frontal plane
- Median plane
- Transverse plane
- Sagittal plane
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A. Frontal plane
Abduction and adduction move the limb away from and toward the midline, which happens in the frontal (coronal) plane. Flexion and extension are the movements of the sagittal plane.
Reference: MBLEx content outline: Kinesiology; planes and axes
With the elbow bent at 90 degrees, the forearm turns so the palm faces the floor. What is this movement?
- Pronation
- Medial rotation
- Supination
- Ulnar deviation
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A. Pronation
Pronation turns the palm down as the radius crosses over the ulna. Supination turns it up. Medial rotation is tempting but describes rotation at the shoulder, not the forearm.
Reference: MBLEx content outline: Kinesiology; joint movements
Which joint is the classic example of a saddle joint?
- Proximal interphalangeal joint of a finger
- Atlantoaxial joint of the neck
- Radiocarpal joint of the wrist
- First carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
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D. First carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
The thumb's carpometacarpal joint (trapezium with the first metacarpal) is a saddle joint, which is what allows opposition. The radiocarpal joint is condyloid (ellipsoid) and is often mistaken for it.
Reference: MBLEx content outline: Kinesiology; joint structure and classification