Infection control, skin anatomy and physiology, skin analysis and disorders, facial treatments, hair removal, makeup and electricity for esthetics written exams.
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The concentration of hydrogen ions in a water-based solution
The amount of active ingredient in a product
The temperature at which a product becomes unstable
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B. The concentration of hydrogen ions in a water-based solution
pH stands for potential hydrogen and expresses how acidic or alkaline a water-containing solution is. Products with no water, such as pure oils, have no pH.
Reference: Product chemistry: pH
Skin with barely visible follicles, a tight feeling and very little sebum is classified as which skin type?
Oily
Dry
Combination
Normal
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B. Dry
Dry (alipidic) skin underproduces oil, so follicles are small and the skin feels tight. Combination skin would show larger pores and shine through the center of the face.
Reference: Skin analysis: skin types
Which massage movement consists of quick tapping or light slapping and is the most stimulating?
Effleurage
Petrissage
Tapotement
Friction
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C. Tapotement
Tapotement (percussion) uses fast tapping movements and is the most stimulating form of massage, so it is used briefly and lightly on the face. Friction is a deep rubbing movement, not a striking one.
Reference: Facial massage: basic movements
Which of these is a method of depilation rather than epilation?
Shaving
Tweezing
Waxing
Sugaring
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A. Shaving
Depilation removes hair at the skin surface, as shaving and chemical depilatories do. Tweezing, waxing and sugaring are epilation because they pull the hair out of the follicle.
Reference: Hair removal: depilation and epilation
How does an autoclave sterilize implements?
With steam held under pressure
With ultraviolet light in a cabinet
With a strong quat solution
With dry air blown by a fan
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A. With steam held under pressure
An autoclave uses pressurized steam at high temperature to destroy all microbes, including spores. An ultraviolet cabinet is tempting because it looks like a sterilizer, but it is only suitable for storing items that are already disinfected.